List: Godan verb with 'ru' ending
popular JLPT N1 usually written using kana alone godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) transitive verb intransitive verb
- to treat (someone) to (something), to give (someone) a treat, to buy (someone a meal, drink, etc.)
- to be extravagant, to live in luxury
popular usually written using kana alone godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) transitive verb
- to covet, to crave, to be greedy for, to hunger for, to lust insatiably for
- to indulge in, to do ceaselessly, to keep doing (without losing interest)
- to eat greedily, to devour
popular rarely used kanji form usually written using kana alone godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) intransitive verb
- to crouch, to squat, to cower
popular JLPT N2 godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) transitive verb
- to shave
popular godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) transitive verb
- to disdain, to look down on, to make light of, to hold in contempt, to scorn, to despise
popular JLPT N1 usually written using kana alone godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) transitive verb
- to close (one's eyes), to shut
popular search-only kanji form JLPT N2 godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) intransitive verb
- to be involved (in), to get involved (in), to concern oneself (with), to take part (in), to interfere (in)
- to relate to (a matter), to pertain to, to concern, to have to do with
- to (seriously) affect, to concern, to have a serious bearing (on)
- to stick (to), to adhere (to), to be particular (about)
popular rarely used kanji form irregular okurigana JLPT N1 usually written using kana alone godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) intransitive verb
- to shut oneself in (e.g. one's room), to be confined in, to seclude oneself, to hide away, to stay inside (one's shell)
- to fill with (emotion, enthusiasm, power, etc.), to imbue with, to infuse with
- to fill a space (of a gas, smell, etc.), to be heavy with (e.g. smoke), to be stuffy, to be dense
- to be muffled (e.g. voice)
- to hold (a castle, fortress, etc.)
- to confine oneself in a temple to pray
popular rarely used kanji form godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) transitive verb
- to search about for, to hunt around for, to look high and low for, to look everywhere for
popular JLPT N3 godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) transitive verb
- to measure, to weigh, to survey, to time (sound, gauge, estimate)
- to conjecture, to infer, to surmise