List: Godan verb with 'ru' ending
popular JLPT N2 godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) transitive verb
- to print
- to color or pattern fabric using a wooden mold
popular rarely used kanji form JLPT N2 usually written using kana alone godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) transitive verb slang video games
- to rub, to scrub, to scrape
- to repeatedly reuse (a joke, a topic of conversation, etc.), to milk, to keep getting mileage out of
- to mash (a button), to spam (a move)
popular search-only kanji form godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) transitive verb
- to give up (an idea or plan), to abandon, to refrain from (doing), to change one's mind
popular godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) intransitive verb
- to suddenly understand (esp. on basis of experience or memory), to come to mind, to recall (in a flash), to be reminded of, to call to mind, to think of, to strike on, to hit on an answer, to seize the crux of a problem
popular usually written using kana alone expression noun or verb acting prenominally adjective (generic) godan verb godan verb (archaic)
- depending on the circumstances
- due to (with modifying verb)
popular rarely used kanji form JLPT N3 usually written using kana alone godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) transitive verb
- to scold, to chide, to rebuke, to reprimand
popular rarely used kanji form JLPT N2 godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) transitive verb
- to kick
- to refuse, to reject
- to stamp (on the ground), to firmly press one's feet (against something)
popular usually written using kana alone godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) intransitive verb
- to gather, to crowd round, to swarm, to flock
- to sponge (off someone), to scrounge, to pester (someone for something), to bum, to cadge
- to extort, to take (money) through intimidation
popular JLPT N1 godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) transitive verb
- to write down (what someone says), to take down dictation, to take notes (e.g. of a lecture)
- to copy out (a text)
popular JLPT N1 godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) intransitive verb
- to be harmful to, to hinder, to interfere with, to irritate