popular JLPT N1 noun noun (generic) Kansai-ben noun (suffix) noun (prefix) suffix usually written using kana alone
- aim, object, purpose, end
- expectations, prospects, hopes
- something that can be relied upon
- snack served with alcoholic drink
- pad, guard
- blow, strike
- addressed to
- per
popular suffix
- (doing) as one pleases, to one's heart's content, letting (something) go unchecked, leaving uncontrolled, leaving (something) to take its own course
popular rarely used kanji form irregular okurigana JLPT N1 godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) transitive verb suffix
- to harm, to hurt, to injure, to damage, to spoil, to mar, to ruin
- to fail to do, to do amiss, to miss one's opportunity to do
- to almost do, to come close to doing
popular noun noun (generic) honorific language suffix
- old man, venerable gentleman
- venerable, old, father
popular JLPT N3 ใ adjective adjective (generic) suffix
- painful, difficult, tough, hard
- distressing, (psychologically) difficult, stressful, awkward (e.g. position)
- straitened (circumstances), tight (financial situation), needy, struggling
- strained (interpretation, explanation, etc.), lame (e.g. excuse), forced (e.g. smile), far-fetched
- hard to do, unpleasant
popular noun noun (generic) noun or participle taking the aux. verb ใใ intransitive verb electronics suffix Kansai-ben
- resurrection, resuscitation, coming back to life
- regeneration
- nth-year university student
popular honorific language suffix historical term noun noun (generic)
- Lord, Sir
- state minister (under the ritsuryล system)
popular noun noun (generic) abbreviation suffix
- mincing, cutting, chopping, notch, nick
- rapping (a percussion instrument), beating
- shredded tobacco
- interval
popular noun noun (generic) noun (suffix) suffix archaic noun (prefix)
- temple, shrine, chapel
- hall
- company
- front room
ๆใใใใใkakerupopular JLPT N5 usually written using kana alone Ichidan verb verb (generic) transitive verb mathematics suffix
- to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall), to let hang, to suspend (from), to hoist (e.g. sail), to raise (e.g. flag)
- to put on (e.g. a blanket), to put on top of, to cover, to lay, to spread
- to put on (glasses, etc.), to wear (a necklace, etc.)
- to make (a call)
- to spend (time, money), to expend, to use
- to pour (liquid) onto, to sprinkle (powder or spices) onto, to splash, to throw (e.g. water) onto
- to turn on (an engine, radio, etc.), to set (a dial, alarm clock, etc.), to put on (a DVD, song, etc.), to use (a device, implement, etc.)
- to cause (someone inconvenience, trouble, etc.), to burden (someone), to impose
- to multiply (arithmetic operation)
- to secure (e.g. lock)
- to take a seat, to sit, to rest (something on something else), to support (something on something else)
- to bind
- to wager, to bet, to risk, to stake, to gamble
- to put an effect (spell, anaesthetic, etc.) on
- to hold (a play, festival, etc.)
- to hold an emotion for (pity, hope, etc.)
- to argue (in court), to deliberate (in a meeting), to present (e.g. idea to a conference, etc.)
- to increase further
- to catch (in a trap, etc.)
- to set atop
- to erect (a makeshift building)
- to apply (insurance)
- to pun (on a word), to use (a word) as a pivot word, to play on words
- to be partway doing ..., to begin (but not complete) ..., to be about to ...
- to address (someone), to direct (something, to someone), to do (something, to someone)