popular gikun or jukujikun obsolete reading JLPT N3 noun noun (generic)
- another person, other people, others
- unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood)
- outsider, stranger
popular obsolete reading noun noun (generic) noun or participle taking the aux. verb ใใ intransitive verb dated term
- bid rigging, collusion (on contract bidding), (illegal) price-fixing agreement
- consultation, discussion, conference
popular obsolete reading JLPT N3 noun noun (generic) noun or participle taking the aux. verb ใใ transitive verb intransitive verb
- fear, dread, dismay, terror, horror, scare, panic
popular obsolete reading JLPT N3 noun noun (generic)
- language
popular obsolete reading JLPT N1 noun noun (generic)
- country, territory, domain, realm
popular obsolete reading JLPT N3 noun noun (generic) noun or participle taking the aux. verb ใใ transitive verb
- left and right, right and left
- (asserting) control, influence, domination
- one's attendants, people accompanying one
- (serving at someone's) side
- equivocation
popular obsolete reading JLPT N4 noun noun (generic)
- finger, toe, digit
popular obsolete reading JLPT N3 noun noun (generic) noun (suffix) ใช adjective adjective (generic)
- order, turn, sorting
- obedient, docile, submissive, meek
popular obsolete reading JLPT N2 noun noun (generic)
- father and mother, parents
popular obsolete reading JLPT N1 noun noun (generic)
- arrow
- wedge, chock