obsolete reading  irregular okurigana  archaic  yodan verb (archaic)  yodan verb (archaic)  verb (generic)  intransitive verb  polite language  auxiliary verb 

• to serve (by a superior's side)
• to be
• to do

archaic  honorific language  yodan verb (archaic)  yodan verb (archaic)  verb (generic)  intransitive verb  polite language  auxiliary verb 

• to come, to go, to be (somewhere)
• to exist
• be, is

archaic  polite language  yodan verb (archaic)  yodan verb (archaic)  verb (generic)  intransitive verb 

• to be, to exist

archaic  yodan verb (archaic)  yodan verb (archaic)  verb (generic) 

• to tattoo a criminal around the eye (form of punishment in ancient Japan)

honorific language  archaic  yodan verb (archaic)  yodan verb (archaic)  verb (generic)  auxiliary verb 

• to do

honorific language  archaic  yodan verb (archaic)  yodan verb (archaic)  verb (generic)  transitive verb 

• to see, to look, to watch
• to rule, to govern

archaic  yodan verb (archaic)  yodan verb (archaic)  verb (generic)  intransitive verb 

• to babble (of a stream)

usually written using kana alone  poetical term  yodan verb (archaic)  yodan verb (archaic)  verb (generic)  intransitive verb 

• to talk to oneself, to mutter

honorific language  archaic  yodan verb (archaic)  yodan verb (archaic)  verb (generic)  transitive verb 

• to say

archaic  yodan verb (archaic)  yodan verb (archaic)  verb (generic)  intransitive verb 

• to cough, to clear one's throat