popular JLPT N4 usually written using kana alone conjunction
- or, either ... or ...
popular obsolete kanji JLPT N5 usually written using kana alone noun noun (generic) noun taking the genitive case particle ใฎ adjective (generic) adverb ใช adjective noun (suffix)
- remainder, remnant, rest, balance, surplus, remains (of a meal), leftovers
- (not) very, (not) much
- too much, excessively, overly
- extreme, great, severe, tremendous, terrible
- more than, over
popular JLPT N3 usually written using kana alone adverb
- why?, what for?
- how?, by what means?
popular JLPT N5 usually written using kana alone adverb
- how many
- how old
popular JLPT N4 Ichidan verb verb (generic) transitive verb colloquial usually written using kana alone intransitive verb linguistics
- to receive, to get
- to catch (e.g. a ball)
- to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.)
- to sustain (damage), to incur (a loss), to suffer (an injury), to feel (influence)
- to undergo (e.g. surgery), to take (a test), to accept (a challenge)
- to be given (e.g. life, talent)
- to find funny, to find humorous, to be amused (by)
- to follow, to succeed, to be descended from
- to face (south, etc.)
- to be modified by
- to obtain (a pawned item, etc.) by paying a fee
- to be well-received, to become popular, to go down well
popular obsolete kanji JLPT N5 kuru verb verb (generic) intransitive verb usually written using kana alone auxiliary verb
- to come (spatially or temporally), to approach, to arrive
- to come back, to do ... and come back
- to come to be, to become, to get, to grow, to continue
- to come from, to be caused by, to derive from
- to come to (e.g. "when it comes to spinach ...")
popular usually written using kana alone noun noun (generic) noun or verb acting prenominally adjective (generic)
- contact, connectedness, rapport, mutual touching
popular JLPT N5 noun noun (generic) adverb usually written using kana alone
- beginning, start, outset, opening
- first (in line, etc.)
- origin
- such as ..., not to mention ...
popular usually written using kana alone noun noun (generic)
- tin (Sn)
popular JLPT N1 usually written using kana alone adverb
- barely, narrowly, only just, with difficulty