popular dated term sensitive noun noun (generic) archaic honorific language
- maidservant, housemaid, maid
- hostess (in a ryokan), waitress (in a traditional restaurant)
- court lady
- lady
popular irregular kanji usage dated term noun noun (generic)
- (photographic) camera
popular noun noun (generic) noun or participle taking the aux. verb ใใ transitive verb dated term
- making a killing, making easy money
- robbery, robber
popular noun noun (generic) noun or participle taking the aux. verb ใใ intransitive verb dated term Buddhism
- (informal) discussion, talk, conversation, chat
- (formal and tedious) talk, lecture, sermon
- admonition, reprimand
- sermon, preaching
- consultation, conference, discussion
popular obsolete reading dated term noun noun (generic)
- mistress, kept woman, concubine
popular JLPT N3 noun noun (generic) dated term
- picnic
- outing, hike
gairaigo French origin popular dated term noun noun (generic) noun or verb acting prenominally adjective (generic)
- (romantic) couple
- back-to-back (e.g. home runs), dual (e.g. victory), tandem (e.g. flight), double
popular usually written using kana alone ใ adjective adjective (generic) dated term
- no match for, cannot compete with, not in the same league as, powerless against
- cannot stand, cannot bear, cannot put up with, unbearable, intolerable
- unable to do, cannot do, impossible
popular JLPT N3 adverb noun noun (generic) noun taking the genitive case particle ใฎ adjective (generic) dated term
- lately, recently, nowadays
- terribly, awfully, extremely
popular noun (prefix) noun (generic) noun (suffix) dated term noun adverb
- last (i.e. immediately preceding), previous, ex-, former
- pre- (e.g. premodern)
- before
- before, earlier