popular rarely-used kanji form JLPT N4 usually written using kana alone auxiliary noun noun (generic) sumo
- should (be), bound (to be), expected (to be), must (be)
- nock (of a bow)
- nock (of an arrow)
- nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger)
- wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
popular JLPT N4 auxiliary ใช adjective adjective (generic)
- appearing that, seeming that, looking like, having the appearance of
popular particle conjunction auxiliary Kansai-ben
- at, in
- at, when
- by, with
- and then, so
- and, then
- let me tell you, don't you know
popular auxiliary
- probably isn't (doesn't, won't, etc.)
- don't (doesn't) intend to, intend not to
- must not, (when used in an imperative sentence) don't
popular auxiliary Kansai-ben
- it is assuredly that ..., can say with confidence that ...
- did not ...
popular polite language auxiliary
- it is assuredly that ..., can say with confidence that ...
popular usually written using kana alone expression auxiliary
- on the occasion of
popular auxiliary colloquial abbreviation conjunction
- if, in case, if it is the case that, if it is true that
- as for, on the topic of
- if that's the case, if so, that being the case
- if possible, if circumstances allow
conjunction auxiliary
- without doing, not being
archaic expression auxiliary
- must (do, be)